What do we know about individuals who reach native-like levels in a foreign language?
Achieving Native-Like Second Language Proficiency (Speaking) by Betty Lou Leaver is a research-based catalogue of factors that would seem to predict ability to reach the highest level of foreign language proficiency and is based on common characteristics shared by more than 200 near-native speakers, identified by self-report, survey, and interviews by master testers. Following up on previous posts, one of the motivational frameworks considered was tenacity. Contrary to the popular notion that learners who reach very high proficiency levels are highly talented students for whom language learning is easy, nearly every interviewee (94%) reported difficulties at some stage of learning the language. If it was not in early learning (“ tortoises ” ), then it was at a Level 3 plateau ( “ hares ” ). Nearly all also stated that if it were not for some form of tenacity, they would have given up and not attained native-like proficiency. Tenacity was reported by people with all forms of motivation