MSI Press Blog

  The U.S. military did not always speak in the language of LREC . For decades, language training existed, regional expertise was scattered across specialized communities, and cultural understanding was treated as a soft skill rather than a strategic asset. The modern concept of LREC — a unified triad of Language , Regional Expertise , and Culture — emerged only when the military recognized that technological superiority alone could not guarantee mission success. Early Roots: Who Started Talking About LREC, and When? Although the U.S. military has trained linguists since World War II, the integrated idea of LREC began gaining traction in the early 2000s, especially during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Commanders and policymakers increasingly recognized that understanding local languages and cultures was not optional — it was operationally decisive. By the mid‑2000s, the Department of Defense began formalizing this recognition. The Defense Language Office (DLO) and senior lead...

  Cultural relativism isn’t just an anthropological concept; it’s a leadership discipline. It teaches leaders to interpret behavior through local logic rather than through their own cultural lens. For those who operate across borders — military commanders, university presidents, diplomats, astronauts, missionaries, NGO directors — this mindset isn’t optional. It’s survival. Why Cultural Relativism Matters for Leaders Leadership abroad is never neutral. Every decision — how to give orders, how to negotiate, how to teach, how to serve — carries cultural meaning. Without relativism, leaders risk misreading those meanings and imposing their own moral grammar on others. With it, they gain the ability to lead with a culture rather than against it. Relativism doesn’t erase conviction; it refines perception. It helps leaders distinguish between what is universally ethical and what is locally appropriate. Military Leaders: Strategy Meets Cultural Logic Modern military leadership depends ...

Told by Betty Lou Leaver -- In honor of National Military Appreciation Month, I share the photo from the birth announcement of our third child. The announcement read, "Joining the people who joined the Army." And, yes, my kids grew up for a few years at least as Army brats. In those days, the Vietnam era, it was not typical for mothers to serve in the military. I was among the first, and in some ways, the Army was not ready for that -- or for me. For this blog post, I will share one story, but there were many more of similar nature. Starting with no military maternity uniforms. I got pregnant right before I applied for a direct commission (the last group of women to need direct commissions since after that women were allowed to join ROTC and become commissioned in that manner). I kept hoping that I would be called for the interview before I no longer fit into my uniform, but, as things take a while in the Army (the hurry-up-and-wait process for nearly everything), I had just ...

  In honor of National Military Appreciation Month, Arthur Yavelberg,  author of the multi-award-winning book,  A Theology for the Rest of Us ,  relates a story told to him by his father, who served at NORAD -- My father was a "career man" in the Air Force for 25 years, starting when it was still the "Army Air Corps."  He was supposed to be a radio man on bombers--until someone in charge of the training program noticed he was wearing glasses.   "How long have you been wearing those?" the officer demanded to know.   "I believe I was born with them, Sir!"  My father was one of those who believed the term "military intelligence" was an oxymoron, but he was intelligent enough not to say so in so many words.  As it turned out, he was reassigned to NORAD, essentially a string of military bases across Canada and the northern US in anticipation of a Soviet nuclear strike launched across the North Pole.  He came home one day and so...

  May is National Military Appreciation Month—a time to thank those who serve and have served. For many Americans, it's a reminder of sacrifice, duty, and national pride. For those of us who wore the uniform , it runs much deeper. It’s a time to remember the moments that shaped us—not only the mission, but the camaraderie, the challenges, and the enduring bonds of brotherhood and sisterhood. I served in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War era, when women in uniform were few and far between—especially officers. I enlisted but was quickly selected to appear before a Board to be considered for a direct commission. That Board was almost entirely male—mostly captains, a rank I came to see as a tough one: just enough time in to develop a sense of authority but still navigating their own path up or out. There was one woman on the Board. I stood before them visibly pregnant , and that was no small thing. I may well have been the first woman to stay in the military while pregnant, since ...