Testing and Transformative Language Learning
Ray Clifford’s chapter “Testing and Transformative Language Learning” (2021, Transformative Language Learning and Teaching , Cambridge University Press) redefines the role of assessment in language education by aligning it with the broader goals of transformative learning . Core Concept Clifford argues that in a transformative language classroom, testing should not be limited to measuring linguistic competence alone , but should also assess the degree of personal development a learner experiences. This includes: Direct application of language skills Near transfer (using skills in similar but different contexts) Transfer (applying skills in new, unfamiliar contexts) Emotional and Cognitive Dimensions The chapter links assessment outcomes to three levels of emotional experience : Memorable – emotional without insight Meaningful – emotion with insight Transformative – emotion with insight, reflection, and lasting change in behavior or attitude These experiences can be ...